Vibration Mitigation of Wind Turbine Towers Using Negative Stiffness Absorbers

Abstract

The application of dynamic vibration absorbers (DVA) to Wind Turbine (WT) towers has the potential to significantly improve the damping of the tower and the nacelle dynamic responses, increasing thus the reliability of WTs. The Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is limited by the requirement of large masses, in association to its installation location. In this study, two alternative concepts are considered. First, the nacelle is released from the WT tower, using a low stiffness connection. This option is based on the seismic isolation concept. Additionally, a novel passive vibration absorption configuration is implemented, based on the KDamper concept. The KDamper is essentially an extension of the TMD, introducing negative stiffness (NS) elements. Instead of increasing the additional mass, the vibration absorption capability of the KDamper can be increased by increasing the value of the NS element. Therefore, the KDamper always indicates better isolation properties than a TMD with the same additional mass.  For the nonlinear dynamic response of the WT a build-in house software is developed. The dynamic performance of the proposed vibration mitigation concepts is numerically examined. All methods present superior dynamic behaviour as compared to the uncontrolled structure, however only the KDamper-based designs significantly increase the effective damping of the WT tower, retaining the additional masses in reasonable ranges.